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Заняття № 9Тема: Українські вчені у світовій науці. Present Indefinite.Методичні вказівки: 1. Вивчіть нову лексику.
2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст " Scientists of Ukraine"
3. Дайте відповіді на питання.
4. Знайдіть у розділі Б українські еквіваленти до англійських слів із розділу А.
5. Виберіть лексику, що описує медичну діяльність українських вчених.
6. Виконайте вправи на вживання Present Indefinite Tense.
1. Вивчіть нову лексику.in the field of obstetrics - в галузі акушерства kidney texture- нирковa тканинa
worked as a surgeon - працював як хірург medical surgical school - медичний хірургічний заклад in the fields of surgery and obstetrics - у галузі хірургії і акушерства brought up in a charity-school- вихований у школі для бідних дітей an estate in the outskirt of Poltava - маєток у околиці Полтави free of charge - безкоштовно treasurer - скарбник diligent student- старанний студент
2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст " Scientists of Ukraine" Scientists of Ukraine have enriched the world of science with important discoveries and inventions. They have contributed much to solving the main technical problems of automation of production and electric welding. They have created new improved machines and mechanisms. They do important research work in biology, medicine, and nuclear physics.
An important contribution was made by Ukrainian scientists to the development of bridge construction.
Scientists of Ukraine make great contributions to science in our country. The Academy of Sciences of Ukraine includes many outstanding scientists and research workers famous for their important discoveries and inventions. Great success has been achieved by Yev. Paton Research Institute of Electric Welding, the Research Institute of Cybernetics and Superhard Materials, and others.
The names of prominent scientists and physicians of Ukraine are known throughout the world. They are Yuri Kotermak, Stepan Tymoshenko, Kostyantyn Tsiolkovsky, Yuri Kondratyuk, Sehiy Korolyov, Volodymyr Vernadsky, Yevhen Paton, О. М. Shumiyansky, M.V. Skliphosovsky, M.D. Strazhesko, Pyrohov Mykola Ivanovych.A well-known Ukrainian scientist О. М. Shumiyansky was the prominent anatomist-microscopist of the 18 th century. He was the first who discribed the - kidney texture. O.M. Shumlyansky was born in 1748 in the village Yakivtsi of Poltava region. His father was an Ukrainian Cossack-peasant. He graduated from the medical school in Petersburg and worked as a surgeon. Then he went abroad where he improved his education in the field of obstetrics and received his doctor's degree.After his returning to Russia О. М. Shumlyansky became a professor of the medical surgical school in Moscow. He was the author of many research works in the fields of surgery and obstetrics.The prominent surgeon and scientist M.V. Skliphosovsky (1836-1904) was born in Moldova and was brought up in a charity-school in Odcsa. After successful graduating from the University he wrote his thesis and became a professor of the Medical Academy in Petersburg. He was one of the organizers of the surgical school in Russia.
M. V. Skliphosovsky liked Ukraine and often visited Odesa and other Ukrainian towns. In 1871 he bought an estate in the outskirt of Poltava and rested there in summer. Then he removed to Poltava and worked as a physician at the regional hospital. It should be noted that, he took care about poor people. He treated them free of charge and tried to create favourable conditions in the hospital. A new school was built for poor children on his initiative and his daughter was a teacher there.
In his estate he cultivated his orchard and worked there; being in -old age.The outstanding clinicist and scientist of Ukraine M.D. Strazhesko (1876-1952) was an initiator in establishing Kyiv Institute of Clinical Medicine and worked there as the academician during a long period. Under the supervision of his teacher prof. V. P. Obraztsov he was the first to differentiate and describe the clinical picture of myocardial infarction. M.D. Strazhesko was the author of many, classical works describing the heart and abdominal diseases (захворювання органів черевної порожнини). He used Pavlov's scientific-ideas in his clinic. In his research work he used the scientific, data from biochemistry, microbiology, physiology and other sciences. He paid much attention to the clinical researches of his patients.
 In common with his teacher V.P. Obraztsov they worked out a new method of sliding palpation of abdominal cavity organs ( розробили новий метод ковзної пальпації органів черевної порожнини), that won the world recognition.Pyrohov Mykola Ivanovych is famous surgeon, scientist and inventor.
 November 25, 2010 was 200 years since the birth of the prominent surgeon, anatomist, scientist, humanist and teacher Mykola Ivanovych Pyrohov (1810 – 1881).
 He was the son of a military officer Mykola Ivanovych Pyrohov, who served in the rank of major as a treasurer in Moscow provisions depot.
Mykola was educated first at home and then in a private boarding school. At the age of fourteen, he persuaded a priest to “enlarge” his age for two years for some fee and passed an entrance examination very well (У віці чотирнадцяти років, він переконав священика, щоб "збільшити" свій вік на два роки за деяку плату і склав вступні екзамени дуже добре). Then Mykola became a medical student at Moscow University.
Pyrohov was a diligent student. He didn’t content himself with almost pure theory concerning some important issues, so he gained professional experience through his own original methods, which were unusual for students and teachers.
Pyrohov unlike most strictly specialized counterparts combined his experience and knowledge as a surgeon and anatomist very well. Before doing any operation on a living man, he practiced in details on a dead body. Due to this methodology thousands and thousands of lives were saved.
In those years, any innovation in medicine made by venerable scientists (маститі вчені) was received with hostility. Very often Pyrohov suffered because of his admiration of something new and progressive. When Mykola Ivanovych invented some unusual surgical instrument, which had not been used abroad, an uproar about his philosophizing was made immediately.
But later an instrument, created by the scientist due to its convenience was practised on a large scale and replaced a traditional one. But the most dissatisfaction was caused by his extremely simple and reliable device for inhaling ether vapors for general anaesthetic during difficult operations (пристрій для вдихання парів ефіру для загальної анестезії під час складних операцій). On February 14, 1847 Pyrohov performed his first operation using ether as an anaesthetic.
 Next year Mykola Ivanovych worked with cholera epidemic. Preparing dead bodies, he observed cholera germ under the microscope, but he did not attach any importance to this. And only in 34 years Robert Koch recognized a cholera germ as a causative agent of this dreadful disease.
He is the author of the method called as “ice anatomy”, and a four-volume atlas with a title “Topographical anatomy, illustrated with cuts through frozen human corpses” immortalized his name.
In the workshop of a sculptor, who lived near his house, scientist came up with the idea, which led to the creation of a plaster cast (гіпсовий зліпок). Soon all Europe used this invention to treat any fractures.
 During the heroic defense of Sevastopol, where Pyrohov was as a volunteer in 1854 , he was impressed by the high mortality of wounded men. The scientist canceled the “common queue” of easily and severely wounded and also infected patients; so he offered to sort them and as a result he arranged a process of medical aid providing at all stages. Personally examining victims, Pyrohov gave instructions where and when a particular soldier or officer would be hospitalized, which significantly reduced mortality and postoperational difficulties.During this period Pyrohov saved health or perhaps even life of 21-year-old Dmytro Ivanovych Mendeleev, who was appointed as a senior teacher of natural sciences in the gymnasium in Simferopol after graduation from Central pedagogical Institute. On the way to his future workplace, on the recommendation of a doctor, who at that time observed the health of seriously ill Mendeleev, the future scientist came to the famous surgeon. Pyrohov immediately disproved Mendeleev’s diagnose of “tuberculosis” and quickly returned him to normal life.
Dmytro Ivanovych for ever retained a sense of gratitude and admiration of Pyrohov. “He was a great doctor! – often he said. – He saw through a man and he immediately understood my nature”.In 1862, Pyrohov saved a wounded leg for a national hero of Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi. All prominent surgeons of that period unanimously offered to amputate a leg, in the bone of which a bullet stuck (куля застрягла) in, and only Pirogov examined the wound carefully and rejected that proposal categorically. And then a miracle happened: on the twenty-fifth day of the patient’s lying the bullet approached the surface of the wound and was easily removed, and in a few days the wounded man could already walk.Pyrohov generously shared his wide experience with students. For many years, while taking a position of trustee (положення про опікунство) of Kiev and Odessa school districts, he struggled with main prejudices in education, spoke in support of the university autonomy and general elementary school. Thanks to Mykola Ivanovych Sunday schools were established in Kiev for the first time in Russia. It happened in 1859, when a medical clinic of St. Vladimir University was opened. The primary goal of education reform Pyrohov saw in education of an individual, which is affirmed by his word: “Everyone who are preparing to be a useful citizen must firstly learn to be a human”.
Ushynskyy K.D., who is a famous contemporary of Pyrohov N. I. and a founder of Russian science pedagogy wrote: “Finally among us we have a person, who we can proudly point out to our children and grandchildren and on whose flawless way we can lead our young generations. Let our youth look at this image – and the future of our country will be ensured”. “Pyrohov N. I. not only inspires us to work for the benefit of the community, but also creates strong confidence in the fact, that this activity will not be wasted. People, who have in their surroundings such individuals as Pyrohov N. I., can look into their future with confidence”.
…A great Russian writer Oleksandr Ivanovych Kuprin (1870-1938) has a story “A wonderful doctor”, which was firstly published in the newspaper “Kiev Word” in 1897 with the subtitle “The actual case”. Everything described in this story actually happened in Kiev. This is the contents of it.  Kuprin O. I. described the incident that actually occurred in life of a man with ill children in “A wonderful doctor”? the main hero was Mykola Ivanovych Pyrohov. His life position, his world outlook Pyrohov expressed in words, which belong to him and which was included in the epigraph of the article “Questions of Life”: “ For what are you preparing your son? – someone asked me. To be a human, - I answered”. Mykola Ivanovych could say so because all his life he was a Human.3. Дайте відповіді на питання.  1. What was O.M. Shumlyansky?
2. When and where was he born?
3. What school did he graduate from?
4. Where did he receive his doctor's degree?
5. Was he the author of many research works?
6. What was M. V. Skliphosovsky?
7. Where was he brought up?
8. When did he become a professor of the Petersburg Academy?
9. Where did he remove then?
10. What did he do in Poltava?
11. What was M.D. Strazhesko?
12. Who was an initiator in establishing Kyiv Institute of Clinical Medicine?
13. Was he the author of many classical works?
14. What method did M.D. Strazhesko and his teacher V.P. Obraztsov work out?
15. What was Mykola Ivanovych Pyrohov?
16. What is Mykola Ivanovych Pyrohov famous for?
4. Знайдіть у розділі Б українські еквіваленти до англійських слів із розділу А. А1. flawless way
2. young generations
3. a senior teacher of natural sciences
4. arranged a process of medical aid
5. solving the main technical problems
6. under the supervision
7. to differentiate and describe the clinical picture of myocardial infarction
8. plaster castБ1. гіпсовий зліпок
2. вирішення основних технічних проблем
3. під керівництвом
4. бездоганний спосіб
5. організував процес надання медичної допомоги
6. диференціювати і описати клінічну картину інфаркту міокарда
7. старший викладач природничих наук
8. молоді покоління5. Виберіть лексику, що описує медичну діяльність українських вчених.  O.M. Shumlyansky M. V. Skliphosovsky M.D. Strazhesko M. I. Pyrohov he bought an estate in the outskirt of Poltava; to differentiate and describe the clinical picture of myocardial infarction; worked as a physician at the regional hospital; he took care about poor people; in the field of obstetrics; was as a volunteer in 1854; worked out a new method of sliding palpation of abdominal cavity organs; the scientist canceled the “common queue” of easily and severely wounded and also infected patients; discribed the - kidney texture;a medical clinic of St. Vladimir University; paid much attention to the clinical researches of his patients.6. Виконайте вправи на вживання Present Indefinite Tense.
  Вправа 1. Напишіть форму 3-ої особи однини наступних дієслів.  do – does
go – __________
read – reads
collect – __________
hate – __________
play – __________
study – studies
tidy – __________
wash – washes
watch – __________
brush – __________
teach – __________
Вправа 2. Напишіть дієслова у Present Simple .  1.One fly_____________ (to fly) , two flies _____________ (to fly).
2.One girl _____________ (to cry), four girls _____________ (to cry).
3.When a wolf _____________ (to see) the moon, it _____________ (to begin) to howl (выть).
4. Wolves and sheep _____________ (to be) never friends.
4. Our hens _____________ (to lay) a lot of eggs.
5. Boys _____________ (to fight) and_____________ (to shout).
6. That boy _____________ (to try) to catch some balls.
7. These girls _____________ (to try) to run away from an angry turkey.
8. If one goose _____________ (to have) one tooth, how many teeth _____________ (to have) thirteen geese?
Вправа 3. Напишіть дієслова у дужках в Present Simple . He ________ (get) up at 7.
He ________ (have) his English lesson every day.
Не ________ (speak) English to his friends.
He ________ (play) board games in the afternoon.
Sometimes he ________ (swim) in the lake. He often ________ (go) hiking.
He sometimes ________ (sit) by the camp fire in the evenings. He never ________ (go) on a trip without his friends.
Вправа 4. Напишіть дієслова у Present Simple .   go, like, love, watch, read, love, walk, come, do, watch My name's Pavel. In the evening I usually (1) ___________ my homework.
Then I (2) ___________ TV or video.
I (3) ___________ action films! They are super!
Then I (4) ___________ my dog. After that I (5) ___________ home, (6) ___________ a book and (7) ___________ to bed.
My sister is little. She doesn't (8) ___________ action films.
She (9) ___________ cartoons.
She (10) ___________ them every day. http://lingualeo.com/ru/jungle/240953
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