Зареєстрований: 17 черв 2014, 17:23
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Заняття № 8Тема: Молодіжний рух у світі. Ступені порівняння.Методичні рекомендації:1. Вивчіть нову лексику.
2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Youth Movement in Great Britain"
3. Дайте відповіді на питання.
4. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Youth Movement in the USA"
5. Випишіть з текста англійські еквіваленти українським словам.
6. Прочитайте інформацію по темі "Youth -What is it?" та напишіть англійською які із питань турбують вас найбільше.
7. Виконайте граматичну вправу на вживання ступенів порівняння прикметників. 1. Вивчіть нову лексику.Girl Guides [ ɡəːl ɡaɪdz] - дівчина-скаут membership [ ˈmembəʃɪp ] - членство knotting [ nɔtɪŋ ]- зав'язування вузлів to embrace [ tə ɪmˈbreɪs] -обняти, охопити honour [ ɔˈnə(r) ] - честь obedience [ əˈbiː.di.əns ] - підкорення cheerfulness [ ˈʧɪəfəlnəs ] - життєрадісність thrift [ θrɪft ] - ощадливість to survive [ tə səˈvaɪv] - вижити 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Youth Movement in Great Britain " Youth and youth movement have become important factors in the life of Great Britain . Numerous youth organizations have been formed since the Second World War, uniting young people from all classes and sections of the population. There are about 60 youth organizations in Great Britain. Youth Council, which represents the youth of the country both nationally and internationally. All youth organizations can be divided into three large groups:
1. non-political organizations;
2. youth organizations associated with political parties;
3. youth organizations controlled by religious bodies.
The two largest non-political youth organizations are the associations of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides. There are about 1300000 boys and girls in them. The membership is voluntary. The Scout Association was formed in 1908 by General Baden Powell. His idea was to train boys in mapping, signaling, knotting, first aid and all the skills that would arise from camping and outdoor activities. Most important of all for a Scout was to make a promise that he would do his best to do his duty to God and the Queen, to help other people and to obey the Scout Law. The Boy Scouts had a left-handed handshake, a special badge and the motto “Be Prepared”. The Scout Law embraces “honour, obedience, cheerfulness, thrift and cleanliness in thought and deed. 
The Scout movement was intended for boys from 11 to 14 (15), but in 1916 Baden Powell introduced a programme for younger people. He called them Wolf Cubs (вовченята) . They had special uniforms, badges, a special training system and the motto “Do your best!”. The Wolf Cub pack is based on Kipling’s “Jungle Book” about learning to survive.
 The Girl Guides Association was founded by Baden Pawell in 1910. It’s divided into three sections: Brownies (домовий, дівчина-скаут молодшого віку ) (from 7.5 to 11), Guides (from 11 to 16), Rangers (from 16 to 21). The programme of training is planned to develop intelligence and practical skills including cookery, needlework, childcare. Like a Scout a Girl Guide must be a friend to animals. The Girl Guides Association has extensive international links.  There are some other non-political organizations: the Combined Cadet Force, Sea Cadet Corps (Морський кадетський корпус) , the Woodcraft Folk, the Youth Hostels Association, the National Federation of Young Farmers Clubs, Greenpeace.
Youth Organization Greenpeace deals with most urgent ecological problems. It protests against nuclear weapon tests, sea and soil pollution, etc. Sport clubs are characteristic youth organizations in the UK. They unite people who are interested in baseball, football, golf, etc. There also exist interest clubs. Y ou can attend any club: From theatre to bird-watching clubs. By the way, birdwatching clubs are very popular in Great Britain.
There are several youth organizations associated with political parties. The Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (YCND) unites young people and organizes mass rallies and meetings, demonstrations, marches of protest, festivals. It co-operates with the National Union of Students. Religious young organizations and groups aim at helping to elderly people or working in hospitals. There are even groups where young people help released prisoners to start then life a-new. Religious organizations pay attention not only to the study of religious views but involve youth into such activities as music festivals and amateur theatre. As you see, all there organizations aim at preserving and strengthening the social and political system existing in the country. Many of them have done and still are doing useful work in providing leisure facilities for young English people.3. Дайте відповіді на питання.
1. What do numerous youth organizations do?
2. How many youth organizations are there in Great Britain?
3. What youth organizations in Great Britain do you know?
4. Which organization has interested you? 4. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Youth Movement in the USA"Youth and youth movement over decades have become important factors in the life of the USA . Numerous youth organization have been formed since the second world war, uniting young people from all classes and sections of the population. Youth movement is not free of some problems, which result from a number of factors, depending on the grounds, on which the organization was formed. In the USA exists a Young Republican Federation, Young Christian Association, some religious organizations for Jewish youth. There also exist some political organizations like Students' Coordinative Committee of Non-Violent Action and Students For Democratic Society. Youth organization Greenpeace deals with most dangerous ecological problems of today's world. It protests against nuclear weapon tests, sea and soil pollution, etc. Some young people work in their church organizations: help elderly people or work in hospitals. There are even some groups, where young people help released prisoners to start their life a-new. Sport clubs are characteristic youth organizations in the US. They unite people, who are interested in baseball, football, basketball, golf, etc. There are also exist interest clubs. When you leave school you understand that the time of your independence life and the beginning of a far more serious examination of your abilities and character has come. You also understand that from now you’ll have to do everything yourself, and to “fight” with everybody around you for better life. The first problem that young people meet is to choose their future profession, it means that they have to choose the future of their life. It’s not an easy task to make the right choice of a job. You know children have a lot of dreams about their future : to become a superman or a policeman or a doctor …It’s very easy they think, but when they become older and see real world they understand that in all professions need to know perfectly about what you do, you must be well-educated and well-informed. That’s why I think it’s very important to have a good education at school. And if you work hard everything will be OK.
Another problem of young people is drugs. This is a relatively new problem but it is becoming more and more dangerous. Million young people today are using drugs, and most of them will die. Usually they want just to try it , then again and again … and after year may be two years they will die . It is true. Because there are no medicine to help you. That’s why never do it, if you do - it goes bad, very bad. Police must work hard to protect young people from drugs. Because drugs will kill our young generation and our future will be very bad. People of almost every age are susceptible to this pernitious disease but it hits the youth the hardest. It's name is unemployment.There are also many other problems: alchoholism, smoking and so on. There are many youth organisations in our country, which unite young men on different principles. Members of every organization has one's own world outlooks. Each of them has their own moral qualities. There are someinformal organizations, for example: skinheads, hippies, panks and so on. Now there exists the problem of missundrstanding beetwen different youth groups. We also face the problem how to spend our free time. We can do it in different ways. The persent-age of unemployed youth in the total number of the jobless is high. In many developing countries the situation is more serious. Many young people commit suside. Unless the economic situation in the world changes, youth unemployment will mount. All young people want to be independent, they want their parents to listen to their opinion, not to interfere in their private life.
Some parents neglect their children, because they can't find a common language with each other. Many problems were hushed up, but now we can speak openly about them.
Some of teenagers spend their free time in different night clubs. Other young people spend their free time in the streets.
5. Випишіть з текста англійські еквіваленти українським словам.знайти спільну мову один з одним, провести вільний час, власні моральні якості, бути добре освіченим і добре поінформованим, допомогти літнім людям, вибрати майбутнє для свого життя, після Другої світової війни.
6. Прочитайте інформацію по темі "Youth -What is it?" та напишіть англійською які із питань турбують вас найбільше.   1. All children of the world have got a wonderful law , which supports us.
2. We are happy because we've got our healthy family and we must take care of it.
3. Youth is the best period of life, because we can get knowledge.
4. We've got enough time to entertain ourself.
5. But when we go out we fell pressure and bad influence of our society, we can't defend ourselves sometimes and get into troubles.
6. Many of us have got problems with grown-ups and parents, they don't want to understand us.
7. Many teens have personal problems and nobody wants to help them.
8. Many of us have got a diploma, but we can't get our work.
9. Living with Stress - is bad for us.
"CHILDREN'S RIGHTS ACCORDING TO THE UN CONVENTION"The United Nations Organization is an international organization to which nearly all the countries in the world belong. Its head offices are in New York . The UN tries to make sure there is peace in world and that all countries work together to deal with international problems. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child sets out in a number of statements called articles , the rights which all children and young people up to the age of 18 should have. The rights should apply to young people everywhere whether they live in rich or poor countries .
Ukraine and Convention on the Rights of the Child
(Ukraine has made a number of commitments to improve the wellbeing of children - particularly by signing the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child. On 27 February 1991 the Convention was ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada) decree №789XII (78912) and it came into force for Ukraine on 27 September 1991. Also, in 2003 and 2005 respectively two Optional Protocols to the UN CRC - on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict - were ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine and became an integral part of Ukraine national legislation.)
Everyone has rights , including you. To protect children's rights the UN has worked out an international agreement called UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
According to this Convention: all children have the right to non-discrimination (Article № 2);
All children have the right to life (Article№ 6);
All children have the right to name and nationality at birth (Article № 7);
Children have the right to express their views (Article №12);
Children have the right to meet other people (Article№15);
Children have the right to privacy (Article №16);
Children have the right to information (Article №17);
Children have the right to protection (Article№19 32);
Disabled children have the right to take a full and active part in everyday life (Article№23);
Children have the right to health and health care (Article№24);
Children have the right to education and development (Article№28 29);
Children have the right to leisure (Article№31).
The right to name and nationality at birth means that all children must get a name when they are born and become a citizen of a particular country.
The right to express their views means that children can say what they think, what they say must be listened to carefully.
The right to education and development means that children should have the best chance to develop their ability. Every child can go to school. Different kinds of secondary schools should be available for children. Schools should help children to develop their skills ,teach them about their own and people's rights and prepare for adult life.
The right to non-discrimination means that children can join organizations, take the active part in meetings and peaceful demonstrations which don't affect other people's rights. All children should have the rights whatever their race, sex, religion , language, disability, opinion or family background.
The right to health and health care means that all children should have a chance to live in a safe and unpolluted environment with good food and clean drinking water. The government must give children good medical care and tryn to reduce the number of deaths in childhood.
The right to protection means that the government should protect children from harm , cruelty, abuse,, and dangerous drugs.
"YOUTH PROBLEMS".Some specialists explain that the changes of our society, the system of our life, force young people to choose their own life-style. On the one side, our society agrees that 15-17 year old people are old enough to be responsible for what they do and give them quite a lot of teenagers are too young to be taken seriously.
This misunderstanding produces many problems. Actually,a lot of teens say that their parents let them do anything they want and are quite indifferent to their problems. Many teens get upset or depressed when they can't solve their problems. As a result, it makes them believe that there is only one way out-to stop living and commit suicide. No doubt, teen's problems will increase. But young people should feel that they are cared for.
Living with Stress is our problem too. Stress is everywhere in our daily life. It’s not just men who suffer from it but women and young people too. The main causes of stress are: death, divorce, marriage, money, moving house, changing jobs, ending relationships and taking exams. Do you know if you suffer from stress? Do you know the way of avoiding stress?Doing yoga or exercises, chewing gum or playing with worry beads (чотки) are all common ways of relieving stress.
But doctors now say that there are simple ways. Their advice is that people should laugh and smile more often. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes.
They also say that people and especially men ought to cry more often. Crying is a natural way of relieving stress.
The World's Homeless is a worldwide problem.
Australia (25000 young homeless. Half of them are sleeping on the streets in Sydney).
USA (Washington alone has 20000 homeless.Only a quarter of them have permanent shelters).
Italy (No government policy for the homeless).
Japan and Sweden (Almost no homeless).
Nowadays more and more social problems are associated with being young. Today it's fashionable to speak about teen's problems. A few years ago alcohol, fights, killings and other kind of violence were more problems for adults than for young people. But now, and as official reports admit, violence, AIDS , drugs and alcohol are more and more associated with youngsters. For many children from poor families, violence, drinking problems and all that is associated with poverty becomes more real than reality.
The government's surveys show that every fifth teenager who was arrested for criminal actions, was younger than 14 and couldn't be sent to prison. Almost half of the teenagers have experience with drugs, alcohol and sex under age 16. A lot of teens who have drug or alcohol addiction almost never believe that they are dependent. These things are often combined with family and school problems. What makes young people do these things? What is done by society to protect youth or help them? To these and some other difficult questions even grown-ups haven't got an answer.
The British Government joined the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1991 and worked out some documents with age limits for some activities for British children .AT SIXTEEN you can leave school. But you are entitled to receive full time , if you have left school. You can leave home without your parents consent. You can apply for your own passport. You can buy cigarettes. The law allows a young person to smoke at any age. You can buy liqueur chocolate. You have to pay full ticket on trains and on buses and the Tube in London. You can marry if your parents permit you to do it.
AT SEVENTEEN you can get a license to drive a car and ride a motorbike Girls can join the army. YOU can buy any firearm (guns or ammunition).
AT EIGHTEEN you are an adult. You don't need your parents permission for anything. You can get married, vote, borrow money and drink alcohol.
«CHILDREN'S LIFE IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES».According to mass media reports the life of teenagers in Russia has changed greatly over the last ten years. The experts admit that the crimes being done by teens have increased 17% since 1991. Every 10th crime is done by teenagers. In 1997 about 170,000 teens were put into prison. 34.000 teens used drugs for the first time. There are 2,000 disabled children only 923,000 of them attend kindergartens and school. There are 453,000 children in children's homes; 90% of them don't have parents .The rights of Russian children are supported by the UN Convention and guaranteed by the Convention. But still there are a lot of problems. About 20% of British teenagers leave home after the age of 16.Some of them are students .They get help from the government or their parents to study away from home but they go back home during their holidays , so they have not really left. M ost of the 20% leave home because they want to get work and experience of the world.However, accommodation is a big problem. Sometimes young people share flats ,but most young people have to live in. Some bedsitters have washing and cooking facilities.
Fact file: Smoking in the UK
The 20-24 age group smokes more than any other
A quarter of Britain's 15-year-olds are regular smokers
In 2000 children between the ages of 11 and 15 smoked over a billion cigarettes.
Every year, 120000 smokers in the UK die from their habit-about 330 people every day.
More people in Britain die from than from road accidents, murder and AIDS.
American newspapers report that 10 children die from guns every day. I was shocked to read that 2795 teenagers get pregnant and 1106 teens have abortions. I was surprised to know that 27 children die from the poverty, 6 teenagers commit suicide streets are there because they are badly treated at home. I was shocked to read that 31% of teens from 15 to 17 drink alcohol regularly. I was surprised to learn that 211 teens get arrested for drug addiction.3288 children run away from home every day. 135000 children bring guns to school. It's terrible that 1629 children are in adult jails.
 It's true that there are so many problems facing teens today, but a lot of teens are happy. They live in a good family, have no problems with their parents. The only problem, if you can say so, focus more attention on doing home-work. They have to go to school and the parents wants them to get good grades. They go out on weekends and don't do anything exciting, but they have fun just being around each other. They usually talk about humorous things, they also talk about things like sex, abortion, politics, discos and parties are also a popular conversation topic among teenagers.
The majority of boys are football - mad and the girls are crazy about their appearance and clothes. Being a teenager is great fun. Take it easy. Youth is probably the best time of life; that being young means romance, love, new discoveries, sport and science, achievements and so on. But it's the most difficult time because we have to make important decisions which will influence our future life.
STRESS TEST.Do you: Yes / No
 Often sleep badly?
get headaches a lot?
find it difficult to relax?
usually hide your feelings?
find it difficult to concentrate?
take steeping pills?
get angry when things go wrong?
 If you answer Yes too more than two of these questions, you are one of many people who suffer from stress.
7. Виконайте граматичну вправу на вживання ступенів порівняння прикметників. Вставте потрібну форму прикметника. Parallel change- Parallel Change is expressed by: The + Comparative ......... The + Comparative.
ex:  The more I study, the more I know.
The more I know, the more I forget.
The more I forget, the less I know.
So, why study?
- Sometimes the subject and the verb (to be) are omitted. ex:The sooner, the better.
The less said about it, the better.
 1 . (The more it rains; The less it rain;The more raining it is) , the more serious the problems become.
2. The older he gets, ( the fewer; the less; the more) friends he has.
3. The more you pay, ( the more good; better; the better) the quality is.
4. ( The less; The more; The fewer) mistakes you make, the better your mark is.
5. The more I work, ( the fewer; the less; the more ) time I spend with my family.
6. The better I know him, ( the more; the gooder; the fewer) I like him.
7. ( The less; The more; The fewer) candidates there were, the more difficult the exam was.
8. ( The faster; The more fast; The more) you drive, the more petrol the car uses.
9. (The older; The more older; The more old) she got, the nicer her children became to her.
10. ( The longer; The fewer; The better) I waited, the more furious I got.
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