Кабiнет 45

Заняття № 29


Тема: Середня освіта в Україні. Актив і пасив.


Методичні вказівки:

1. Прочитайте слова до теми.

2. Вивчіть нову лексику.

3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Basic secondary education"

4. Знайдіть у тексті англійські еквіваленти до українських слів.

5. Вставте у речення необхідні слова за змістом.

6. Перекладіть прислів'я повязані із навчанням.

7. Напишіть ваш твір - роздум на тему.

8. Прочитайте розповідь батьків про навчання своїх дітей. Перекладіть. Зверніть увагу на підкреслені слова.

9. Перекладіть речення з умовним станом дієслів.

10. Виберіть які із тверджень правильні а які ні.

11. Перевірте свої знання по темі. Напишіть тест.

12. Прочитайте про школи майбутнього очима школярів.

13. Виконайте вправи на вживання активу і пасиву.





1. Прочитайте слова до теми.

[t, d] study, student, kindergarten, education, education system, type of school, start school;

[r] graduate, graduate from, primary school, elementary school, secondary school, prepare;

[w] why, what, when, where, which

[z] exam, examination, national exam



2. Вивчіть нову лексику.




basic general secondary education - базова загальна середня освіта

conditions for self-paced - умови до самостійності

in-depth study - глибоке вивчення

targeted - цільовий

general educational institutions - загальноосвітні заклади

knowledge assessment - оцінка знань

a 12-point scale - 12 -ти бальна шкала

personal approach - індивідуальний підхід

individual study methods - індивідуальні методи навчання

learning proclivity of a child - схильність до навчання

extracurricular classes - позакласні заняття

approved by- затверджений

standard curricula - стандартні навчальні програми

working curricula of general educational institutions - робочі навчальні плани загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів

study load - навчальне навантаження

for the account - за рахунок

level not exceeding the sanitary and hygienic standards - рівні, що не перевищує санітарно-гігієнічним нормам

annual examinations - щорічні іспити

a certificate of basic general secondary education - cвідоцтво про базову загальну середню освіту

a supplement- додаток

scores earned for educational achievements - бали отримані за освітні досягнення

with distinction - з відзнакою


3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Basic secondary education"






The basic school (5-9 grades) provides a basic general secondary education, which is the foundation of secondary education for all school children, developing them to a point where they are ready to choose a form of further education and specialization.




At this stage, general educational institutions create for pupils conditions for self-paced and more in-depth study of specific subjects important for the targeted higher educational institution (lyceum, gymnasium, vocational-technical school, educational institution of the І—II accreditation levels, etc.).



Duration. Schooling in the basic school takes 5 years. The right to provide a basic general secondary education is granted ( надається) to general educational institutions of the 2nd accreditation level (2-й рівень акредитації).

The study conditions in the basic school, as a rule, differ from those in the elementary school, i.e., new subjects are introduced, the teacher and class collectives change, as well as the study regime.

Knowledge assessment. The knowledge of pupils is measured on a 12-point scale, with marks ranging from 1 to 12 awarded.

The educational content of the basic school is the same for all pupils. The personal approach is implemented through individual study methods, depending on the learning proclivity of a child, as well as extracurricular classes.

Academic hours in the basic school are distributed among fields of study (розподіляються серед областей навчання) and their content is determined in the basic curriculum approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, standard curricula developed by the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine, working curricula of general educational institutions, and so on.

Basic curriculum. The basic curriculum of the basic school has two components: invariable and variable (Базовий навчальний план основної школи має дві складові: постійну і змінну).

General educational institutions with teaching in national minority languages, specialized schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, and colleges are allowed to increase the study load limit for the account of the overall study limit to a level not exceeding the sanitary and hygienic standards.



The educational level of graduates of general educational institutions of the ІІ accreditation level is controlled through state final examinations. The content, forms, procedure, and schedule of such annual examinations are determined on an annual basis and approved by the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine.

Graduate. A graduate of a basic school (9-year pupils) receives a certificate of basic general secondary education and supplement to it specifying the scores earned for educational achievements. For excellent academic achievements, graduates are awarded certificates of a basic general secondary education with distinction.





Graduates who fail an examination in at least one subject receive school report cards. Pupils who fail to obtain an education-confirming document may continue studying externally.

Graduates of specialized schools (boarding schools) for children requiring physical and/or mental development correction receive certificates of completion of a specialized school (boarding school).

A certificate of a basic general secondary education entitles its holder to enrollment in a 3rd accreditation level school, vocational-technical educational institution, or institution of higher learning of the I-II accreditation levels.







4. Знайдіть у тексті англійські еквіваленти до українських слів.

зміст визначається в основній програмі; не одержати документ про освіту ; свідоцтво про базову загальну середню освіту; за освітні досягнення; з відзнакою; викладання мовами національних меншин;санітарні та гігієнічні нормативи; позакласні заняття; право на надання основної загальної середньої освіти.


5. Вставте у речення необхідні слова за змістом.

1. A graduate of a basic school (9-year pupils) receives a ... of basic general secondary education.

A- diploma

B- academic award

C- characteristic

D- certificate

2. Graduates who ... an examination in at least one subject receive school report cards.

A- pass

B- fail

C- forget

D- read

3. The knowledge of pupils is measured on a ... -point scale, with marks ranging from 1 to 12 awarded.

A- 10

B- 11

C- 5

D - 12

4. The educational level of graduates of general educational institutions of the ... accreditation level is controlled through state final examinations.

A- II

B- III

C- IV

D- V

5. The educational ... of the basic school is the same for all pupils.

A- content

B- level

C- text

D- fairy-tale



6. Перекладіть прислів'я повязані із навчанням.

:arrow: Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.



Live and learn.



It’s never too late to learn.



Experience is the mother of wisdom.



Knowledge is power. (Francis Bacon)






7. Напишіть ваш твір - роздум на тему.

“What do we learn for?”

We learn to get knowledge….

We learn to enter the university….

We learn to get a good job….

My school leaving certificate should help me get into university – my marks are excellent.

Рeople who work during the day can study at night school.

I need to find more time to study – we’re having exams soon.



8. Прочитайте розповідь батьків про навчання своїх дітей. Перекладіть. Зверніть увагу на підкреслені слова.


: My Jack was deep into his studies before his Math exam and he passed it easily.

Mary has finished school successfully and has entered university.

My Chris is making good progress in English and now he’s top of the class.

: My Sam failed his Physics exam and had to take it again.

Tom’s new friend distracted him from his studies and Tom did very badly in his last English test.

My Bob dropped out of his school and failed to find a job. I hope he’ll go to a further education college and get a professional qualification there.


9. Перекладіть речення з умовним станом дієслів.

If…… had V3, ………..would have V3

1. If the teacher had asked somebody else the question, I wouldn’t have got a bad mark.

2. If you had given me your notebook to copy yesterday, I would have been prepared for the literature test!

3. If I hadn’t watched the thriller yesterday, I would have had enough time to write the report.

4. If you hadn’t distracted me from the task, I wouldn’t have made that silly mistake.


Вправа: Вставте потрібні дієслова у речення.

Fill the gaps in order to get correct sentences.

a. hadn’t failed, /b. hadn’t distracted, /c. hadn’t finished,/ d. had finished , e. would have passed, /f. wouldn’t have passed, /g. wouldn’t have had, /h. hadn’t made, /j. hadn’t studied, /k. wouldn’t have entered, /l. wouldn’t have become.

1. If Jack ….. hard, he…… the exam.

2. Mary …. the university if she ….. school successfully.

3. Chris….. the best student in class if he … god progress.

4. If Sam … his exam, he… to take it again.

5. If his friend….. Tom from studies, he…. his test successfully.

6. If Bob…. School, he …. a job.


10. Виберіть які із тверджень правильні а які ні.

1. Basic secondary education covers a period of 5 years past primary school with 190 school days a year, plus 3 weeks of examinations and tests at the end of the ninth grade (last year of study).

2. The program of study is specified every academic year by the Ministry of Education.

3. This defines the core part of the curriculum for all the schools in the territory of Ukraine.

4. The curricula are published in periodicals and newsletters intended for schoolteachers and administrators.

5. The annual study load is from 860 to 1030 hours, depending on the grade.

6. They are divided between obligatory subjects, established by the Ministry of Education, and optional disciplines, introduced on the school level (four to five hours a week).

7. In the fifth grade all the students have classes of the Ukrainian or other native languages and literature; foreign language and literature; mathematics and basics of computer science; Ukrainian history; nature study; music; art; physical training; household arts; and health education.

8. Other subjects are gradually added on at different levels of instruction: world history, geography and biology in the sixth grade; physics in the seventh grade; chemistry in the eighth grade; and so on.

9. Each subject is taught by a different teacher.

10. The weekly number of hours devoted to every discipline is from one to five.

11. The schedule is different every day.

12. All the lessons are attended by the whole class, which can include 5 to 30 people.

13. Students are not divided into subgroups for the study of foreign languages.

14. An evaluation is made at the end of each quarter and based on the students' current performance, as well as final tests.

15. In order to be promoted to the next grade, students have to complete the requirements in all the subjects. Otherwise, they have to repeat the previous grade.

16. At the end of the ninth grade all the students take final examinations, which culminate the program of basic secondary education.

17. Ninety-six percent of young people in Ukraine get basic secondary education, most of them by the age of 15.

18. The curriculum at the upper secondary level includes more sophisticated subjects and allows for greater individual choice of disciplines.

19. Students are evaluated on a semester basis.

20. At the end of the eleventh grade, all the students are required to take their final examinations.

21. If they pass them successfully, they are awarded a Certificate of Secondary Education, which is a prerequisite for entry to higher educational establishments of the third and fourth accreditation levels (institutes, academies, and universities).

22. Students with all "fives" for all the semesters of the upper secondary level are awarded gold medals, and those who have one or two "fours" among all other excellent marks receive a silver medal.

23. The majority of general education schools enroll full time students. However, those who wish to combine education with work can study part time at night or in correspondence schools.

24. The innovative types of schools include gymnasiums, which offer comprehensive classical education, and lyceums, giving specialization in a certain area of knowledge. These institutions are becoming highly prestigious.

25. The political and economic reforms of the 1990s brought to Ukraine independence, freedom of choice, and the transition to a market economy. They initiated major changes in the educational system based on deideologization, connection with national culture, and the introduction of new subjects into the school curricula.

26. On the other hand, many areas of life, especially those financed from the state budget, are experiencing serious difficulties. Insufficient financing and social problems are distracting public attention from the educational system.

27. As a result, school buildings are falling apart; equipment and library funds are outdated. In the mid-1990s only 40 percent of students were provided with the necessary textbooks.

28. The Law on General Secondary Education (1999) emphasized the necessity to coordinate the interests of Ukrainian society and the state, improve the quality of education, provide for a greater independence of educational institutions, develop a more diverse spectrum of schools, and create opportunities for entering the European and world educational community.

29. Among other steps, the governmental program envisages the transition to 12 year general education schooling.

30. The upper secondary school will include three grades. At this stage, students will have a chance to specialize in the areas of knowledge connected with their future studies at the university level.

31. The reform will also deal with the development of state standards and the introduction of the best world educational experiences in Ukrainian secondary schools. The presidential decree On Governmental Support to the Training of Specialists for Rural Areas, as well as other statutes and regulations, aim at bridging the gap between rural and urban schools.

32. The Law on Professional Education, adopted in 1998, outlines the legal basis of the system of vocational training. The schools, which make up part of the network, can either provide a professional education or its combination with general secondary education.

33. The prerequisite for entry into vocational training institutions is successful completion of basic secondary school (nine grades). The length of study is one year if it involves only vocational training and from three to four years if it is accompanied by general secondary education.

34. Initial job qualifications are acquired from professional technical schools (PTU), agricultural schools, factory schools, and other institutions attached to enterprises or collective farms where students can get on the job training.

35. The secondary professional level is represented by uchilishcha, which give education both in production and nonproduction areas (art, pedagogy, music, medicine, and other related subjects).

36. Other types include special institutions for students with physical and mental disabilities, which provide them with vocational skills appropriate for their medical condition; social rehabilitation schools intended for juvenile delinquents; and centers of personnel training and retraining.

37. In the 1990s technical schools and colleges, which also used to belong to the system of secondary vocational training, were given the status of higher educational institutions.

38. The academic year consists of 40 weeks and is divided into semesters.

39. The weekly study load is 36 hours.

40. The curricula include several blocks of subjects: science, humanities, professional theoretical, and professional practical disciplines.

41. The educational process is organized in the form of lectures, seminars, laboratory work, individual study projects, reports, and excursions.

42. Theoretical and practical instruction is combined with productive work in shops, factories, training grounds, and subsidiary farms. In the mid-1990s the network had approximately 11,000 specially equipped classrooms, 3,000 laboratories, and approximately 7,000 training grounds.

43. Agricultural PTUs owned 70,000 hectares (175,000 acres) of land, as well as 16,000 tractors, automobiles, and combines.

44. Graduation is preceded by the defense of a diploma project and qualification exams. Specialists from the enterprises, which work in conjunction with the schools, are represented on the State Examination Board and control the professional level of the graduating students.

45. The new socioeconomic conditions account for significant changes in the system of vocational training. They stimulate the introduction of new specialties attractive for students and required by the job market, the development of the state educational standards, and partial transition from state to non-state funding.

46. The most popular specialties among male PTU graduates are: auto mechanic, electrician, TV repair, electric welder, radio mechanic, and carpenter. Those among female graduates are salesclerk, hairdresser, house painter, tailor, and secretary.


11. Перевірте свої знання по темі. Напишіть тест.







Tests in English about pupils. Choose the correct answer:

1. The children can get to school ten minutes earlier if they take a short ….. through the park.
a) cut b) link c) pass d) path

2. When Mr Obsequious was at school, he won first ….. for good behaviour.
a) present b) price c) prize d) reward

3. This is an exciting book which ….. new ground in educational research.
a) breaks b) reaches c) scratches d) turns

4. Little Tom did not like his first ….. at school at all.
a) course b) period c) presence d) term

5. We all laughed at his ….. of the teacher.
a) copy b) image c) imitation d) mimic

6. They had lunch together in the school ….. .
a) bar b) café c) canteen d) restaurant

7. You could ….. all the worthwhile information in this article into one page.
a) condense b) contract c) decrease d) shorten

8. Sue’s teacher ….. her to improve her drawing.
a) encouraged b) insisted c) made d) persisted

9. We all make mistakes; no-one is ….. .
a) fallible b) infallible c) mistaken d) unmistakable

10. It’s your ….. that we’re late for school again.
a) care b) fault c) mistake d) trouble

11. I think you should ….. that matter with your teacher.
a) complain b) demand c) discuss d) enquire

12. Since Oscar had no proper reason for missingschool, his absence should be treated as ….. .
a) abstention b) desertion c) neglect d) truancy

13. If pupils are to understand the notice, the instructions must be ….. clearer.
a) done b) got c) made d) wrote

14. You are late again – please try to be ….. in future.
a) accurate b) efficient c) punctual d) reliable

15. An I. Q. test is supposed to measure the ….. of your intelligence.
a) degree b) extent c) level d) size

16. You are not very ….. today, Hugh. What’s the matter? I’ve never known you so quiet.
a) chattering b) loud c) speaking d) talkative

17. Those pupils never ….. any notice of what their teacher says.
a) attend b) give c) make d) take

18. Annie is already twelve but she hasn’t learned to ….. the time yet.
a) know b) read c) say d) tell

19. Patrick ….. the whole morning looking for his essay, but still couldn’t find it.
a) brought b) had c) passed d) spent

20. Rita is not ….. of doing this work – she should change her class.
a) capable b) fit c) possible d) suitable

21. After he broke the window, the boy was ….. from school.
a) exiled b) excluded c) expelled d) extracted

22. A child’s first five years are the most important as far as learning is ….. .
a) affected b) concerned c) hit d) touched

23. It takes a great deal of ….. for the class to make a trip abroad.
a) arrangement b) business c) expense d) organization

24. There is no ….. in going to school if you’re not willing to learn.
a) aim b) point c) purpose d) reason

25. There are three of us and there is only one book so we’ll have to ….. it.
a) distribute b) divide c) share d) split



Key:

1. a 6. c 11. c 16. d 21. c
2. c 7. a 12. d 17. d 22. b
3. a 8. a 13. c 18. d 23. d
4. d 9. b 14. c 19. d 24. b
5. c 10. b 15. c 20. a 25. c




http://www.classbase.com/Countries/Ukraine/Education-System



12. Прочитайте про школи майбутнього очима школярів.


Future Trough the Pupils’ Eyes.



1 Most important features of a good school.


a comfortable and spacious school building

good school grounds fitted with everything necessary

highly qualified and creative teachers

eager and willing pupils

friendly atmosphere

a good library with video and audio materials

good sports facilities

a good canteen with plenty of nice food

youth clubs

a good medical centre

psychological help

a big garden with flowerbeds and greenhouses

up-to-date information technology and computer laboratories

a swimming pool

relations with other schools, including schools abroad

time-tested traditions

good school furniture

effective rules and regulations

schools bus service

a clever and efficient headmaster or headmistress

understanding and caring teachers



2. The ten qualities of great teacher



What makes a teacher exceptional?

Great teachers understand the magic of learning, they respect and value their place in the process, and they thrive along with their students. But a closer look at classroom attitudes and methods of instruction reveals a commonality among the best of the best teachers.

Compassion

Creativity

Dedication

Enthusiasm

Ethics

Imagination

Leadership

Listening

Patience

Respect

Great teachers understand that respect is something they have to give in order to receive. Because they value the minds (and the personalities) they are helping to shape, treating students with courtesy, consideration, and regard is fundamental to their personal interaction-in and out of the classroom.


3.Perfect School.

Some students' ideas about a perfect school



Have you ever thought how the school of the future will look? No? And we have tried to imagine such school...

Certainly, all schools will be completely computer aided. The computer is important attribute of school of the future.

How the school marks will change in the future? Think! We can inform, there will be more marks than nowadays! By the way, the more marks we have, it is easier to the schoolboys to study, teachers to teach, and parents to see how their children study.

What is possible to say about an interior of school of the future? At school there will be sets of engineering and other entertainments, which will borrow (occupy) the schoolboys.

About the teachers of school of the future we can say only that all of them will be the highly skilled workers and simply good people. Well and the schoolboys, both were different, and will stay different. Someone will study better; someone will take part in entertaining school measures and someone, on the contrary, in scientific conferences.

In our school if you are particular bright, you are offered a scholarship.

Every student will get more attention if classes are smaller. I’m sure a compulsory uniform would help us develop more pride in our school.

In general, those schoolboys who will study in the school of the future will be lucky.

The creative team of our project made a virtual tour to the School of the Future. Our dream is: our children and your grandchildren will study in the school for talented people.

Look! This is what we dream about: a large light hall. There is a glass ceiling which protects from rain and snow. Do you find it wonderful? In the evening it is turn into a concert hall. There is electronic library, where you can find any book you like. There is also a place for meditation and astronomic observations.



There is green grass in the yard. You can get into any place of the school from the yard. There is also the electronic board and timetable in the central part of the yard. You can easily read all the school news, about the best school students. It’s noisy and merry in the yard. One can hear the school radio working.

There are also comfortable benches and soft, cozy chairs here. It is possible to do exhibitions in daytime here. In the evening students usually have discos. This school has not only technological equipment and technological novelty. The main idea is the opportunity of the choice: students choose themselves subjects for studying; create menu in the canteen; create even the furniture in the own room for relaxation.




We wish some of our ideas would become real; some of them would be the base for the following thoughts and ideas. That’s OK! We pass the estafette to everyone who is indifferent to the problems and interests of modern education!


13. Виконайте вправи на вживання активу і пасиву.



Впрвава 1. Поставте дієслово в правильному часі в пасивному стані.

Приклад: This library ... (build) in 1921. - This library was built in 1921.

1. I can't pay the fare, because my purse ... (steal).

2. This irrigation project ... (finish) tomorrow.

3. Sandra ... (drive) to work by her husband every day.

4. My car ... (repair) at the moment.

5. Are you going to make breakfast? No, it ... (make) by my brother.


Вправа 2. Заповніть пропуски by або with.




Приклад: The pie was made ... the peaches. - The pie was made with the peaches.

1. This manuscript was written ... unknown author many years ago.

2. Peter was woken up ... the storm.

3. My finger was cut ... a knife.

4. Mary is being bandaged ... a nurse at the moment.

5. The bulding will be decorated ... marble.


Вправа 3. Поставте дієслова у дужках в пасиві або активі.



Приклад: Many women and children ... (hurt) in the car accident yesterday. -
Many women and children were hurt in the car accident yesterday.

1. I ... (remember) this story forever.

2. These beautiful plants ... (grow) by my grandmother.

3. The best wine ... (produce) in France.

4. We ... (find) a corpse in his room.

5. This ancient settlement ... (discover) by the famous archaeologist in 1925.


Завдання 4. Виберіть правильний варіант відповіді.




1. The room ... now.

a) is being cleaned

b) is being clean

2. The new shopping centre ... soon.

a) will opened

b) will be opened

3. My computer ... this week.

a) may be not repaired

b) may not be repaired

4. A thief ... yesterday.

a) was catched

b) has been catched

5. My food ... by waiter.

a) has been brought

b) has brought


Завдання 5. Напишіть речення у пасиві

1. The postman will deliver the mail before ten.
The mail ... by the postman before ten.

2. Every year worms eat these apples.
Every year these apples ... by worms.

3. John is painting the house.
The house ... by John.

4. Mary was cleaning the house.
The house ... by Mary.

5. Millions of people have read that book.
That book ... by millions of people.

6. My children gave me a splendid bunch of flowers. I ... a splendid bunch of flowers by my children.

7. The children ate the whole chocolate bar.
The whole chocolate bar ... by the children.

8. Peter would drive my sport car, if he could.
My sport car... by Peter , if he could.

9. A young boxer had knocked out the champion.
The champion ... by a young boxer.

10. Tom is going to buy a new computer.
A new computer ... by Tom.