Заняття № 25Тема: Як науково – дослідницький прогрес допомагає людині. Past Indefinite.Методичні вказівки:
1. Перекладіть англійські прислів'я.
2. Вивчіть нову лексику.
3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Science & Technology".
4. Знайдіть у колонці Б українські еквіваленти до англійських слів у колонці А.
5. Виберіть слова які відносяться до певної галузі науки.
6. Виберіть правильний варіант слів та вставте у речення.
7. Прочитайте про відомих вчених та галузs науки, пов'язаних із їхніми іменами.
8. Виконайте завдання на вживання Past Indefinite.1. Перекладіть англійські прислів'я. 
"Experience is the mother of wisdom”.
“Necessity is the mother of the invention”
2. Вивчіть нову лексику. to rely too much on - занадто покладатися на
to feel ill at ease - відчувають себе не в своїй тарілці
defusing bombs - знешкодження бомб
doing boring household chores - робити нудні домашні клопоти
аrtificial intelligence - штучний інтелект
stock trading - фондова торгівля
to worry about robots - турбуватися про роботів
on the brink of extinction - на межі вимирання
the nature of the dark matter -природа темної матерії
suspect - підозрювальний
3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Science & Technology".
Technology is an important part of our lives. We use computers and other electric equipment at work and in the home. However, some people believe we rely too much on machines, and that the more technology improves, the lazier and weaker humans will become.Technological advances are changing our lives very rapidly.
Nowadays we can't do without such gadgets as mobile phones, PCs, digital tape recorders, air conditioners, fax machines and so on. Many people feel ill at ease without their laptop computers or GPS navigation systems.
In my opinion, technology facilitates our lives and saves our time. Computers help us do the most difficult sums and investigate complicated data. People do business, communicate and do the shopping via the Internet. It is much easier to do housework nowadays, thanks to electric equipment such as microwave ovens, washing machines and so on.
However, many people say that technology makes us lazier and weaker. For example, such technological developments as the telephone and the Internet have made communication much easier, but they can cause the loss of social interaction.
A lot of people
prefer communicating through a keyboard (віддають перевагу спілкуванню через клавіатуру) than face to face. That is why people don't meet as often as they did in the past. A lot of people are fond of watching TV and playing computer games. They spend hours in front of the screen. They have no time to read books or to communicate with their friends. They move less, speak less and they even think less. Of course, such way of life does much harm to their health.
To sum up, people should continue to develop technology, but they must do it wisely. Otherwise we may regret in the future.Artificial intelligence performs quite a lot of jobs nowadays. However, many people are worried about computers doing the same things that people can do.
In the 90s and early 21st century artificial intelligence achieved its greatest success. Today clever machines are taught to think and make decisions.
But is it safe that artificial intelligence is invading the world?
To my mind, computers and robots are very helpful. There are more and more jobs which humans leave to robots such as exploring another planet, defusing bombs or just doing boring household chores like cleaning.
Computers can perform a lot of functions: they can control cars and planes, give us the news or compose music. Many factory jobs are performed by industrial robots nowadays. It has led to cheaper production of various goods, including automobiles and electronics. Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery and toys.
However, there are some reasons to worry about robots. Firstly, the use of robots in industry leads to unemployment as many jobs are performed by machines.
Secondly, industrial robots can be dangerous and cause harm to human workers. Besides, many people fear that highly intelligent robots may take over and destroy the human race. There are a lot of books and films about people losing control over clever machines that begin to kill their creators. But I believe that it is early to worry because robots are still clumsy and not very intelligent.
To conclude, artificial intelligence serves to help people and make their lives easier. That is why I think that we should promote research in artificial intelligence. But people must be careful and pay more attention to security. People have different attitude to cloning. Some of them think that cloning opens new possibilities, while others are convinced that it is
morally unacceptable (морально неприйнятний).
Scientists have always dreamed of reproducing exact copies of animals and even human beings. They have already succeeded in this field and created Dolly, the first cloned sheep, and many other animals. But the question of cloning, especially human one, still remains
controversial ( спірне).
Personally, I think that cloning plants and animals is rather interesting and exciting. Cloned animals may be strong and healthy and they may produce more wool, meat or milk. Besides, cloning will help us preserve species that are on the brink of extinction. Moreover, cloning gives people new medical possibilities. Owing to it, scientists can create organs for transplantation and save people who need a new heart, liver or kidneys.
However, quite a lot of people are against cloning. They say that people must not interfere in the process of creating a new life because it is the duty of nature. What is more, scientists don't know for sure how clones will behave and what diseases they may transmit. As for human cloning, it seems to be dangerous and morally unacceptable.
To conclude, I think that science must develop in order to improve our lives. But people should be more careful when they use new technologies and investigate new phenomena. So to my mind, cloning must be used only when it is necessary to save lives and to solve important problems. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's largest particle accelerator, is expected to advance humanity's understanding of the deepest laws of nature. 
However, a lot of people are worried about its existence.The Large Hadron Collider has gained considerable attention of the scientific community, the mass media and the general public. Experts say that it could change physics and our understanding of the world.
But why do many people worry that the LHC would be a problem?
Personally, I'm amazed by all the interesting theories surrounding the LHC. Scientists hope that the Large Hadron Collider will help us answer many of the most fundamental questions concerning the structure of space and time,
extra dimensions (додаткові розміри), the nature of the dark matter and many others.
There hasn't been any advance in fundamental physics for many years, but the LHC may help us understand how the universe works and discover new facts about it. 
However, many people are against the LHC. The project costs much money and the LHC is considered to be one of the most expensive scientific instruments ever built. Moreover, people fear that the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider may be extremely dangerous and that it may swallow Switzerland or even destroy the planet.
In his famous novel "Angels & Demons"
Dan Brown describes antimatter created at the LHC which is used in a weapon against the Vatican. But according to scientists, the LHC presents no danger and there is no reason for concern. I strongly feel that the experiments at the LHC should continue because they are extremely interesting and nobody knows what is going to be found.
To conclude, I believe that the LHC may change the face of physics forever and help answer the questions that people have been asking since the beginning of time.
The use of polygraph still remains controversial. Some people think that this device helps detect a lie, while others are convinced that polygraph evidence is unreliable.
It is well-known that lying causes bodily changes (Добре відомо, що брехня викликає тілесні зміни). A polygraph, or a lie detector, measures the physiological stress a person endures while he or she gives statements or answers questions. The device measures the suspect's heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and respiration. If there is increased activity in these areas, the suspect might be lying. However, the accuracy of the polygraph has been contested almost since the introduction of the device.
Personally, I think that a polygraph is a very useful invention. If people believe that it can detect lies, they try to answer truthfully. In some countries polygraphs are used to interrogate suspects and screen new employees.
Polygraph examinations sometimes help extract confessions from a defendant (Обстеження на детекторі брехні іноді допомагає отримати зізнавальні показання від обвинуваченого).
But experts say that the accuracy of this method is questionable. According to them, if you go into the test rested and relaxed, if you are cooperative and try to remain calm, you are likely to pass polygraph tests.
There were some cases when polygraph failed to trap known spies. Conversely, innocent people have been known to fail polygraph tests. That is why polygraph results are not admissible as court evidence.To conclude, I believe that no device or expert can detect a lie with 100% accuracy. To my mind, polygraph can make some people be honest, but it can also be deceived.
4. Знайдіть у колонці Б українські еквіваленти до англійських слів у колонці А. А1. to detect a lie
2. to pass polygraph tests
3. according to scientists
4. to destroy the planet
5. the structure of space and time
6. cloned animals
7. face to face
Б1. пройти випробування на поліграфі
2. щоб знищити планету
3. структура простору і часу
4. лицем до лиця
5. виявити брехню
6. на думку вчених
7. клоновані тварини
5. Виберіть слова які відносяться до певної галузі науки. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), / Cloning, /Artificial intelligence, /Polygraph to trap known spies, change the face of physics, to extract confessions from a defendant, exact copies of animals, many jobs are performed by machines, to do boring household chores, the nature of the dark matter, create organs for transplantation, technology makes us lazier and weaker, clever machines are taught to think and make decisions.
6. Виберіть правильний варіант слів та вставте у речення. 1. Many factory ... are performed by industrial robots nowadays.
a- songs; b- jobs; c- administration, d- laws
2. Scientists hope that the .... will help us answer many of the most fundamental questions concerning the structure of space and time.
a- laptop; b- CD; c- Large Hadron Collider; d- robot
3. As for ... cloning, it seems to be dangerous and morally unacceptable.
a- sheep ; b- animal; c- snake; d- human
4. Cloning will help us preserve .... that are on the brink of extinction.
a- water; b- transistor; c- species; d- robots
5. Besides, many people fear that highly intelligent .... may take over and destroy the human race.
a- robot; b- robots; c- man; c- programme
7. Прочитайте про відомих вчених та галузs науки, пов'язаних із їхніми іменами. Famous Scientists and Their Discoveries
All the technologies that make our lives easier, all the medicines and medical equipment that save our lives, all that we know about the creation of the world is because of all those scientists who spent thousands of hours in their laboratories inventing these things. They gave us the world as it is today. Here is a list of some of the world's greatest and most famous scientists, along with a brief of the things they discovered.
Archimedes (287 - 212 BC) 
A very versatile personality, Archimedes was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, engineer and a successful inventor. He was popular for his innovative thinking and has discovered many innovative machines. A way of finding the volume of irregularly shaped objects was perhaps the best of his discoveries.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847 - 1931) 
Amongst the numerous inventions of Thomas Alva Edison, the most prominent one is the electric bulb. But there were many other useful things that he discovered like telegraph devices, phonograph, carbon transmitter, direct current generator, graphophone which was the improved version of the phonograph, the dictating machine, universal electric motor, etc.
Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955) 
He worked as an army medical corp throughout the First World War. His invention, penicillin, saved many soldiers from infections. No doubt he secured a place in the list of the world's most well-known science veterans. His discovery is said to have revolutionized the medicine industry tremendously.
Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867) 
We know more about the laws he invented than anything else he did. His contributions to electromagnetism and electrochemistry are most remarkable. The study of magnetism is incomplete without learning Faraday's law of induction. And his laws and terminologies of the process of electrolysis are the spine of chemistry.
Alexander Graham Bell (1857 - 1922) 
It was during his experiments with the telegraph that he thought of the concept of the telephone and everyone knows that no other invention is as path breaking as the telephone. Bell himself considered the telephone to be intruding and did not have a telephone in his place of work.
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
Albert Einstein's inventions and theories transformed many concepts related to space and time, theory of relativity being the most important one of his theories. Even today there are hardly any people who truly understand the theory. His other discoveries include the photoelectric effect and the Einstein calculator.
Frederick Banting (1891 - 1941) 
He started with his education in politics but ended up shifting to medicine. He completed his MD in the year 1916. He worked as a doctor in the World War I and attended many wounded soldiers. Banting's real interest was in diabetes and its cure, which he worked upon with another scientist named Dr. Charles Best. He received the Nobel prize in the year 1923 for developing insulin.
Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 - 1519) 
his creative maestro, Leonardo Da Vinci, was also a visionary in various fields like engineering, astronomy, aeronautics, mathematics etc. He conceptualized many inventions through his paintings. He is even considered as the father of modern science. His most profound inventions include the hydraulic machine, the boat, design of a flying machine, crane clocks etc.
Ferdinand Verbiest (1623 - 1688) 
Originally an astronomer and an accomplished mathematician, Ferdinand Verbiest invented the first automobile. He built it when he was visiting China as a missionary. This automobile was powered by steam and was not meant to carry humans.
Scientist /
InventionBenjamin Franklin/ Electricity
Isaac Newton / Gravity
Wright Brothers/ Airplane
James Watt / Electric Cell
Edward Teller / Hydrogen Bomb
Rudolf Diesel/ Compression Ignition Engine
John Browning /Automatic Firearms
Louis Braille/ Braille System
Tim Berners-Lee/ World Wide Web
Charles Babbage/ Computer
Marie Curie/ Radioactivity
Niels Bohr / Bohr Theory of the Atom
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen/ X-rays
Joseph John Thomson/ Mass Spectrograph
William Thompson/ Kelvin Temperature Scale
Robert Bunsen /Cesium and Rubidium
John Dalton/ Atomic Theory
8. Виконайте завдання на вживання Past Indefinite. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у Past Indefinite. 
Yesterday evening I ... (be) at home, sleeping in front of the television.
when I ... (hear) a strange noise 
I ... (wake) up and ... (run) to the window.
Can you guess what I ... (see) in the garden? A flying-saucer! 
I ... (think) I was dreaming so I ... (go) to the bathroom where I ... (have) a shower 
and ... (forget) about the flying-saucer. Suddenly something ... (strike) the front door.
A bit afraid, I ... (take) a baseball bat 
, walked towards the door and opened it.
Two aliens were there, smiling and jumping. They ... (say): 'Could we have a cup of tea, please?'
I ... (burst) into laughter 
and asked them to come into the house.
I ... (put) some water on the stove and ... (give) them some biscuits.
