Заняття № 22Тема: Наука і культура. Видатні люди України. Внесок українських вчених у розвиток науки і техніки. Є.Патон, В. Вернадський. Present Indefinite.Методичні вказівки:
1. Вивчіть нову лексику.
2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Ukrainian names in world science".
3. Дайте відповіді на питання до тексту.
4. Подивіться інформацію про видатних українських вчених.
5. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст про Євгена Патона. Дайте відповіді на питання.
6. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст про Валентина Войно-Ясенецького. Дайте відповіді на питання.
7. Подивіться цікаву інформацію про відомих українців та розкажіть про того, який справив на вас враження.
8. Виконайте вправу на вживання Present Indefinite.1. Вивчіть нову лексику.
venue ['venju:] — центр
to lay [leɪ] the foundation [faun'deɪʃ(ə)n] — закласти основу
graduater ['grædjuət] — випускник
to found [faund] — засновувати
department [dipa:tmənt] — відділення, факультет
prominent ['prɔmɪnənt] — видатний, відомий
ancestor - предок
corresponding member [,korɪs'pɔndɪŋ 'membə] — член-кореспондент
to make contribution [,kɔntrɪ'bju:ʃ(ə)n] — вносити вклад
2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст "Ukrainian names in world science".
In the history of humanity there have always been people whose actions and ideas produced a great impact on the lives of other people. They have made a great contribution to the science, culture, social life of this country. That’s why they are called outstanding.Rich is Ukraine in talented people, men of genius, devoted heart and soul to their native land. Scientists and inventors, engineers and architects, singers and composers, writers and poets did their best to raise national science, culture, art to the highest world standards. They did it in and out of this country, within its borders and far away — in many parts of the whole wide world.
Ukraine has also given the world many outstanding scientists. Such names as
Vernandsky, Zabolotny, Bogomolets, Sklifosovsky, Paton, Filatov are well-known all over the world. Nowadays modern Ukrainian scientists achieved great successes in the field of mathematics, physics, biology and medicine.
Great contribution to the world’s historical science was made by such prominent Ukrainian historians as
Mykola Hrushevsky, Mykhailo Dragomanov, Dmytro Yavornitsky, Mykola Kostomarov.In
Kyivan Rus' the first venues of sciences were monasteries. "Code of Laws", drawn up in the X—XII centuries, laid the foundation of what would later become Ukrainian, Russian, Belorussian, and Lithuanian feudal law.
The beginning of the XVII century saw the peak of the prominent linguist
M. Smotrytsky. His "Slavic Grammar" became the basis of grammars of many Slavic languages.
A major venue of sciences in the XVIII century was the
Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Among its graduates were such celebrated scientists as
M. Maksymovych and
O. Shumliansky.
The sons and daughters of this blessed land made an endless row of contributions to other people's civilizations, stimulating their growth, enriching their spiritual world, raising their life standards and well-being.
Yuri Kotermak —named Drohobych after his native land— a well-known astronomer, philosopher and medicus, Rector of Bologna University in the 15th century, was one of the first to pave the way into world science.
Historical events, tragic, dramatic, unforeseen and unfаvourable for the gifted people's descendants made many Ukrainians either leave their Homeland, or stay away in other countries.
Absorbing other nations' culture and science, language and mode of life, Ukraine's intellectuals spared no effort to advance the peoples who sheltered them, gave them a chance to display their best natural qualities, let them contribute to the realm of knowledge and wisdom.
America and Canada, Great Britain and Australia, Germany and France, Italy, as well as many other countries of East and West benefited and continue to benefit from Ukraine's descendants, from their strength of mind and intellect. Within their native land and outside its borders Ukrainian men of genius have been restlessly making contributions to world science.
To mention but a few we shall remember the names of
Stepan Tymoshenko in the USA whose works Strength of Materials and The History of the Strength of Materials have become textbooks for the generations of students,
Ivan Puluy in Austro-Hungary and Czechoslovakia whose inventions preceded those of Wilhelm Roentgen, as well as many others.
There were such Ukrainians in our land whose discoveries paved the way into outer space, whose inventions promoted the further steps in space exploration: — a hero of the 1812 War General
Olexandr Zassyadko, a freedom fighter, member of Narodna Volуa (People's Will)
Mykola Kybalchych,
Kostyantyn Tsiolkovsky whose ancestor was Severyn Nalyvaiko.
There is another name worth mentioning. It’s Academician
Korolyov. Serhiy Pavlovich Korolyov is the famous scientist and designer of space-rocket systems. He was born in the city of Zhytomir in the family of a teacher. Many people regard him as a representative of the Russian people. However, S. Korolyov is an Ukrainian.
He is known to be an outstanding creator of the practical space engineering. From 1927 he worked in the aircraft industry. In 1930, without giving up his job, he graduated from the Moscow Bauman Higher Technical School and left a flying school in Zhytomir the same year. After he had met Tsiolkovsky and studied his ideas, Korolyov became a rocket enthusiast. He was one of the founders of modern space-rocketry engineering. Korolyov trained many scientists and engineers who are now leading the work in research institutes and designing bureaus which specialize in the sphere of space- rocketry engineering.
In 1933 the first experimental rockets were made and tested. Korolyov took part in the work. Beginning with 1957 the first Earth sattelities in the world were put into orbit with the help of the systems he had designed. The spaceship in which man first flew into space, was made under his guidance. Serhiy Korolyov is one of the most outstanding Ukrainians whose name will go down in history of the world civilization.
In the XIX and early XX centuries the centres of scientific activity in Ukraine were Universities and Lyceums. In October of 1918 the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences became a scientific centre. This Academy was founded by getman P. Skoropadsky.
The first Academy President was the academician V. Vernadsky. In the 1920s there were three
departments in the Academy.
Quite a special place belongs to the man of 'dramatic fate
Yuri Kondratyuk (Olexandr Shargey) whose scientific exploit was duly appreciated by Academician
Boris Rauschenbach. A man of tragic circumstances himself Rauschenbach wrote that it was Kondratyuk who suggested the idea of creating a base round the Moon and not on the Earth, to ensure the rocket starts for the Moon. Kondratyuk's idea was later realized in the Apollo flight programme many years after the author had been killed in action at the front.
Among other brilliant scientists who were working in this field and who gained breath-taking results were besides Serhiy Korolyov, Academician
Arkhyp Lyulka, a turbojet engines constructor, Lieutenant-General
Mykola Dukhov, one of the creators of the atomic bomb.
Very near cosmic research stands another flying branch of scientific investigation — aviation and its affiliated domain hydronavigation. Most famous names here are
Fedir Tereshchenko who constructed a monoplane with parameters far surpassing the existing models (as far back as 1913) and
Dmytro Hryhorovych, a graduate of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, who constructed a seaplane (airplane rising from and alighting on water) for the first time in aeriel navigation.
And it was in Ukraine that such gigantic airplanes were brought into being' and use, as Antey, Ruslan, Mriya (Dream). Quite unexpected is the turn at recent times to the long-forgotten kind of aviation — airships (dirigible balloons).
Super-light (deltaplanes) and wingless aviation attracts Ukrainian plane-constructors' positive attitude and serious Attention owing to such characteristic features of airships as practically unlimited weight-lifting ability, distance and time of flight, vertical start and landing. Today airships are built in such industrially developed countries as the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, China and many others.
Among other illustrious personalities in Ukrainian science,
Valadymyr Vernadsky's name deserves a special reverence for his indomitable scientific courage, for his ability to foresee the development of human knowledge, for his efforts to foretell the future of mankind and its ways of progress.
The Academy of Sciences of Ukraine includes many outstanding scientists and research workers famous for their important discoveries and inventions. Great success has been achieved by Yev. Paton Research Institute of Electric Welding, the Research Institute of Cybernetics, Superhard Materials, and others.
The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was and still is the prominent scientific institution in the Ukrainian state. There are about 160 000 research workers, 12 000 candidates and doctors of science. There are 203 academicians, 280 corresponding members and 80 foreign members of the Academy.
Ukraine has made its contribution to the world space science. At the Southern Machine-Building plant about 400 artificial Earth satellites have been made.
During 1946—1951 the first electronic computing machine in Europe was designed by the academician
S. Lebedev at the Institute of Electrical Equipment.
Among the Ukrainian scientists who significantly contribute to the biological programs it would be worthwhile mentioning the research works of
Hleba, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in the field of genetics engineering of plants. He was the first scientist to win the prestigious international Kerber Prize.
The two international schools held in his Institute evoked quite a response in the world of science. On the initiative of Yu. Hleba a unique project called Vavilovs Route was included in a UNESCO program. The project envisages continuing an outstanding work of the famous scientist Mikola Vavilov and consists in collecting various species of herbs from around the world for further biotechnological application.
Ihor Yukhnovsky was born in 1925. He graduated from the Lviv Ivan Franko University. He is a physicist, Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He is a chairman of the commission for popular education and sciences.
The above mentioned names are only a few stars in the constellation, of genius representing Ukrainian science in the world.
3. Дайте відповіді на питання до тексту. 
1. What were the first venues of sciences?
2. Who were among the graduates of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy?
3. When was the Academy of Sciences founded?
4. Who was the Academy of Sciences founded by?
5. What is the contribution of Ukraine to the world science?4. Подивіться інформацію про видатних українських вчених.
List of notable or famous scientists from Ukraine, with bios and photos, including the top scientists born in Ukraine and even some popular scientists who immigrated to Ukraine. These prominent scientists of Ukraine may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected Ukrainian scientists.
1. Anatoliy O. Morozov
Born: 1939
Birthplace: Kiev, Ukrainian SSR
Profession: Scientist
Institution: Kiev Polytechnic Institute
Anatoliy O. Morozov is a Ukrainian scientist in the field of cybernetics. He is a Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a Full member of the International Academy of Information Science and the Academy of Technological Sciences of Russia and the President of the Academy of Technological Sciences of Ukraine.2. Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy
Born: 1909
Birthplace: Kiev, Ukrainian SSR
Profession: Scientist, Engineer
Died: 2001
Place Of Death: Moscow, Russia Gleb Evgeniyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy was a Russian and Ukrainian engineer, General Director and General Designer of the JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Science, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize and State Prizes.3. Isaak Mazepa
Born: 1884
Birthplace: Novhorod-Siverskyi, Ukraine
Profession: Politician, Scientist
Institution: Saint Petersburg State University
Died: 1952
Place Of Death: Augsburg, Germany
Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa was a Ukrainian politician - 6th Chairman of People's Ministers.4. Ivan Horbachevsky
Born: 1854
Birthplace: Zarubyntsi, Ukraine
Profession: Chemist, Scientist
Institution: University of Vienna
Died: 1942
Place Of Death: Prague, Czech Republic Ivan Horbachevsky, also Jan Horbaczewski, Johann Horbaczewski, Ivan Horbaczewski was an eminent Ukrainian chemist. 1872–1878 he studied medicine at the University of Vienna, Austria. In 1883 he was appointed extraordinary professor and in 1884 ordinary professor at the University of Prague by the Emperor. He is particularly known for his contributions in organic chemistry and biochemistry. He was the first to synthesize glycine. He noticed that aminoacids were build..5. Ivan Vakarchuk
Born: 1947
Birthplace: Brătuşeni
Profession: Scientist
Institution: Lviv University
Ivan Vakarchuk is a Ukrainian physicist, rector of the Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko, Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine. Hero of Ukraine. Father of the leader of the rock band "Okean Elzy" Svyatoslav Vakarchuk.
6. Jacob Marschak
Born: 1898
Birthplace: Kiev, Ukrainian SSR
Profession: Scientist, Economist
Institution: Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg
Died: 1977
Cause Of Death: Stroke
Place Of Death: Los Angeles, California, United States of America
Jacob Marschak was a Russian-American economist, known as "the Father of Econometrics".7. Michael Zgurovsky
Born: 1950
Birthplace: Skala-Podilska
Profession: Scientist
Michael Z. Zgurovsky or Mykhaĭlo Zakharovych Zhurovsʹkyĭ (born 30 January 1950) is a prominent Ukrainian computer scientist and politician. He was a Minister of Education of Ukraine from 1994 to 1999.
He works in the field of mathematics, cybernetics and, since recent times, sustainable development and globalization. His scientific and research interests focus on methodology of system analysis, the theory of decision making under uncertainty conditions, analysis and modeling of complex systems of various natures.
Michael Zgurovsky has made 40 inventions, and is the author of more than 300 scientific works, among them 30 books which have been published in different countries.8. Mikhail Kravchuk
Born: 1892
Birthplace: Volhynia
Profession: Mathematician, Scientist
Institution: Kiev University
Died: 1942
Mykhailo Pylypovych Kravchuk, also Krawtchouk (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Пили́пович Кравчу́к) (September 27, 1892 – March 9, 1942), was a Soviet Ukrainian mathematician who, despite his early death, was the author of around 180 articles on mathematics.9. Mykola Tomenko
Born: 1964
Birthplace: Ukraine
Profession: Politician, Scientist
Institution: Kiev University
Mykola Volodymyrovych Tomenko (Ukrainian: Микола Володимирович Томенко) (born December 11, 1964) is a Ukrainian politician and statesman. He has been a member of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) for two consecutive convocations (including 2006). In Verkhovna Rada he served as the Chairman of the Freedom of Speech and Mass Media Committee.10. Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk
Born: 1971
Birthplace: Dunaivtsi, Ukraine
Profession: Historian, Scientist
Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk was born on May 28, 1971 in Dunaivtsi of Western Podillya, Soviet Union and is a Ukrainian historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Research Scientist at I.F.Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, and Ukrainian poet.
11. Stefan Drzewiecki
Born: 1844
Birthplace: Podolia
Profession: Journalist, Inventor, Scientist, Engineer
Died: 1938
Place Of Death: Paris, France
Stefan Drzewiecki (July 26, 1844 in Kunka, Podolia, Russian Empire (today Ukraine) – April 23, 1938 in Paris) was a Polish-Russian scientist, journalist, engineer, constructor and inventor, working in Russia and France.12. Valentin Glushko
Born: 1908
Birthplace: Odessa, Ukraine
Profession: Inventor, Scientist, Engineer
Institution: Saint Petersburg State University
Major/Field Of Study: Physics and Mathematics
Died: 1989
Place Of Death: Moscow, Russia
Valentin Petrovich Glushko, was a Soviet engineer, and the principal Soviet designer of rocket engines during the Soviet/American Space Race.
13. Vladimir VekslerBorn: 1907
Birthplace: Zhytomyr, Ukraine
Profession: Physicist, Scientist
Institution: Moscow Power Engineering Institute
Died: 1966
Place Of Death: Moscow, Russia
Vladimir Iosifovich Veksler was a prominent Soviet experimental physicist. Veksler's family moved from Zhitomir to Moscow in 1915. In 1931 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Since 1936 he worked in Lebedev Physical Institute, being involved in particle detector development and study of cosmic rays. He participated in a number of expeditions to Pamir Mountains and Elbrus devoted to study of cosmic ray composition. 5. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст про Євгена Патона. Дайте відповіді на питання.
Yevhen Paton - Євген Патон
Yevhen Paton was born in 1870 in a French town Nizza. Paton was an outstanding constructor and a scientist.
Since 1929 Paton was the member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Polytechnical Institute of Dresden in 1894 and St Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers in 1896.
In 1904—1939 Paton was the professor of Kyiv Polytechnical Institute.Heading the laboratory of testing the bridges, he formulated the main scientific principles and discovered the scientific technology of testing the bridges.
In 1896—1929 he constructed 35 bridges, among them the main bridge across the Dnieper in Kyiv. Now this bridge bears his name.
In 1929 Paton organized the laboratory of electric welding, which became an Institute in 1934.
Yevhen Paton died in 1953 in Kyiv.
Questions:1. Where and when was Yevhen Paton born?
2. What was he?
3. What can you tell about Yevhen Paton?
4. What are his main contributions to the Ukrainian science?
5. What laboratory did he organize in 1929?6. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст про Валентина Войно-Ясенецького. Дайте відповіді на питання. 
There were a lot of bright representatives of Ukrainian science who contributed to the world progress. One of them was Valentyn Voino-Yasenetskyi, an outstanding surgeon and teacher.
He was born in 1877 in Kerch in the family of the pharmaceutist.At the end of the 1880s the family moved to Kyiv, where they lived in Khreshchatyk.
Voino-Yasenetskyi studied at Kyiv Art School.After graduating from it he wanted to enter St Petersburg Academy of Arts.
But he considered that a person in his life should not do what he wants but what is useful to people.
That’s why he entered the Department of Law.He studied there one year and then in 1898 entered the Medical Department of Kyiv University.
Being a talented artist, he transferred all his love of art to the surgery.In 1904, when the Russian-Japan war started, he left for the Far East.
He was the head of a surgical department and brilliantly conducted all his operations.
The case when Voino-Yasenetskyi operated the blind, who recovered his sight, is very famous.
It brought the surgeon wide acknowledgement. In 1915 he published his book “Regional Anaesthesia”, illustrated by the author.
For this work Voino-Yasenetskyi was awarded the prize of Hoynatsky by Warsaw University.He also got the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
He gave lectures on anatomy at the Medical Department of Tashkent University.
Later he was arrested and exiled to Siberia.But he continued to serve people with all his talents and abilities.
During World War II Voino-Yasenetskyi worked in a hospital as a chief surgeon.In 1946 he moved to Simferopol, where he continued to give lectures and operate in hospitals.
He combined his work as a surgeon with the order of archbishop.
Nowadays his works on anesthesia and surgery continue to serve people, his methods are widely used in surgery.
His only aim in life was to help mankind.Questions:1. When and where was Valentine Voino-Yasenetskyi born?
2. Where did he study?
3. Why did he decide to be a surgeon?
4. When did he publish his famous book? What was its title?
5. What was his only aim in his life?
7. Подивіться цікаву інформацію про відомих українців та розкажіть про того, який справив на вас враження. 
Відомі українці 
http://www.ukraine-insight.com.ua/ 8. Виконайте вправу на вживання Present Indefinite Tense.
Вправа. Напишіть речення у заперечній формі. 1) Tom stamps. (not/to collect)
2) You songs in the bathroom. (not/to sing)
3) Julie in the garden. (not/to work)
4) I at home. (not/to sit)
5) Tina and Kate the windows. (not/to open)
6) Adam French. (not/to speak)
7) His sister lemonade. (not/to like)
8) We to music. (not/to listen)
9) My father the car every Saturday. (not/to clean)
10) Johnny and Danny in the lake. (not/to swim)
